The kernel drivers and user-space utilities related to CPU microcode updates are free software, compliant to the Debian Free Software Guidelines. The CPU microcode update system is composed of software (kernel drivers, user-space utilities), and CPU-vendor-provided "opaque" update data. For these reasons, the system processor is likely to be running with outdated microcode on a vast number of systems.
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The BIOS (or UEFI) updates the CPU microcode during boot, however most of the time either the motherboard vendor won't issue frequent BIOS/UEFI updates, or the user won't install such updates. Releases of new microcode updates are more frequent on young processors, but the release of new microcode updates for older processors do happen. Or you could experience one of those unexplainable and infrequent software issues (such as kernel oops, application segfaults) or hardware issues (including sudden reboots and hangs). You might not notice their effect and have precious data silently corrupted, or an important program silently misbehave. It is very difficult to know for sure whether you need a microcode update or not, but it is not safe at all to just ignore them. These updates fix bugs/errata that can cause anything from incorrect processing, to code and data corruption, and system lockups. Processors from Intel and AMD may need updates to their microcode to operate correctly. A microcode update is kept in volatile memory, thus the BIOS/UEFI or kernel updates the microcode during every boot. The kernel is able to update the processor's firmware without the need to update it via a BIOS update. Processor microcode is akin to processor firmware. Working around boot problems caused by microcode updates.Checking the microcode version of your CPU.Getting microcode updates sooner using Debian backports.Microcode update support for current and older Debian releases.
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